Winnipeg General Strike of 1919

Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 For about a month and a half in the mid year of 1919 the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba was injured by a huge and sensational general strike. Disappointed by joblessness, swelling, poor working conditions and provincial variations after World War I, laborers from both the private and open areas united to close down or radically diminish most administrations. The laborers were efficient and serene, yet the response from the businesses, city committee and the national government was forceful. The strike finished in Bloody Saturday when the Royal North-West Mounted Police assaulted a social affair of strike supporters. Two strikers were executed, 30 injured and many captured. Laborers won little in the strike, and it was an additional 20 years before aggregate bartering was perceived in Canada. Reasons for Winnipeg General Strike The quick explanations behind the structure exchanges and metal specialists taking to the streets were for better wages and working conditions, for acknowledgment of their associations and for the rule of aggregate bargaining.The expansive breadth of the strike, which included numerous non-unionized laborers, was somewhat because of disappointments from World War I. Long stretches of penances during the war and exclusive standards for its fallout were met with high joblessness, a modern downturn, and inflation.The tight work showcase had prompted an expansion in unions.The accomplishment of the Russian Revolution in 1917 had driven not exclusively to an increment in communist and work thoughts yet additionally a dread of unrest with respect to those in power. Start of Winnipeg General Strike On May 1, 1919, following quite a while of work arrangements building laborers in Winnipeg, Manitoba went on strike.On May 2, metalworkers took to the streets when the businesses of the principle metalwork manufacturing plants in Winnipeg would not haggle with their union.The Winnipeg Trades and Labor Council (WTLC), the umbrella association for nearby work, called a general strike in compassion on May 15. Around 30,000 laborers, both unionized and non-unionized, left their jobs.The Winnipeg general strike was composed by the Central Strike Committee with delegates from the associations partnered with the WTLC. The strike was methodical, with laborers abstaining from giving any reason to incite military power. Fundamental administrations were maintained.The Citizens Committee of 1000, made up of makers, investors, and government officials, gave composed resistance to the strike. The Strike Heats Up The Citizens Committee overlooked the strikers requests and with the help of neighborhood papers blamed the strikers for Bolshevism, of being foe outsiders and of subverting British values.On May 22, the government Minister of Labor, Senator Gideon Robertson, and the bureaucratic priest of the inside and acting pastor of equity Arthur Meighen met with the Citizens Committee. They wouldn't meet with the Central Strike Committee.Within the week, government representatives, commonplace government workers, and metropolitan specialists were requested to come back to work. A change to the Immigration Act was raced through Parliament to permit the extradition of British-conceived strike pioneers and the meaning of rebellion in the Criminal Code was expanded.On May 30, the Winnipeg police wouldn't sign a no-strike vow. They were terminated and a 1800-man power of Specials was employed to tame the strike. They were provided with ponies and baseball bats.On June 17, the strike heads were captu red in late-night assaults. The city gathering banned the normal exhibit walks, both ace and hostile to strike, by veterans. Bleeding Saturday On June 21, which came to be known as Bloody Saturday, strikers pushed over and put a match to a trolley. The Royal North-West Mounted Police assaulted the horde of strike supporters assembled outside City Hall, slaughtering two and harming 30. The Specials followed the group as it scattered through the avenues, beating nonconformists with homerun sticks and wagon spokes. The military additionally watched the boulevards with machine guns.Authorities shut down the strikers paper, the Western Labor News, and captured its editors.On June 26, terrified of more viciousness, the strike chiefs canceled the strike. Aftereffects of Winnipeg General Strike The metalworkers returned to work without a compensation increase.Some laborers were imprisoned, some were expelled, and thousands lost their jobs.Seven strike pioneers were indicted for an intrigue to oust the administration and imprisoned for up to two years.In the 1920 Manitoba common political decision, 11 work applicants won seats. Four of them were strike leaders.It was an additional 20 years before aggregate bartering was perceived in Canada.Winnipegs economy went into a decline.Winnipeg stayed isolated between the Tory south end and the common laborers north.

Introduction To Cricket In The 21st Century History Essay

Prologue To Cricket In The 21st Century History Essay While considering the broad measure of research that has been coordinated toward the wearing scene from a numerical, factual and operational research viewpoint, the Duckworth/Lewis strategy (Duckworth and Lewis, 1998, 2004) maybe remains solitary as the most huge commitment to brandish. The basic practice in managing intruded on one-day cricket matches until 1992 was to think about the run rates (the all out number of runs scored partitioned by the quantity of finished overs) of the contending groups; the group with the higher run rate was announced the champ. Be that as it may, this standard would in general advantage the group batting second (Team 2) to the detriment of the group batting first (Team 1), prompting the normal act of welcoming the other group to bat first if downpour was normal. The trouble with run rates is that objectives are controlled by considering the rest of the overs, while disregarding the quantity of lost wickets. As is notable, batsmen will in general bat less forcefully and score less runs when more wickets have been taken. The primary group doesn't have indistinguishable vital alternatives from the subsequent group and, in that sense, the standard doesn't give the two groups equivalent chances. Understanding that this standard is one-sided towards the side batting second, the Australian Cricket Board presented its most gainful overs rule during the 1992/93 season. This standard ascertains the objective for Team 2 by taking the n most noteworthy scoring overs of Team 1 where n is the quantity of played overs (for instance, 40 if 10 overs are lost because of downpour). Unexpectedly, this standard was presently considered as tending to support the side batting first and straightforwardly out of line to the group batting second. To delineate, Suppose that Team 2 requires 20 off 19 balls to win, when a short shower removes three overs. The reset target would now be 20 off 1 ball since the three least profitable overs are reasoned from the first objective (which we may accept were three lady overs for this situation). Be that as it may, this is by all accounts out of line and even unexpected: the second groups phenomenal bowling (three lady overs) in the principal innings is curr ently betraying them; it would have been exceptional for Team 2 for this situation if Team 1 had arrived at a similar all out score with no ladies. The Duckworth/Lewis strategy was used and picked up conspicuousness during the 1999 World Cup, and since that time, it has been embraced by each major cricketing load up and rivalry. In one-day cricket, the Duckworth/Lewis strategy depends on the acknowledgment that toward the start of a match, each side has assets accessible (ordinarily 50 overs and 10 wickets). At the point when the match is abbreviated, the assets of one or the two groups are diminished and the two groups as a rule have various assets for their innings. For this situation, trying to be reasonable, an overhauled focus for the group batting second is set. The assurance of the objective utilizing assets is known as the Duckworth/Lewis strategy. What makes the reception of the Duckworth/Lewis technique noteworthy is that the strategy is generally seen by people in general as a discovery method. For the most part, individuals don't see how the objectives are set yet they do concur that the objectives are reasonable or if nothing else desirable over the methodology dependent on run rates. In spite of the fact that the Duckworth/Lewis (D/L) strategy was intended for one-day cricket, it has likewise been applied to Twenty20 cricket. Twenty20 is a generally new form of restricted overs cricket with just 20 overs for every side. As opposed to the one-day game and top notch cricket (which can take as long as five days to finish), Twenty20 matches have fulfillment times that are practically identical to other mainstream group activities. With the presentation of the biennial World Twenty20 competition in 2007 and the Indian Premier League in 2008, Twenty20 cricket has increased far reaching notoriety. Albeit Twenty20 (t20) cricket is like one-day cricket, there exist unobtrusive varieties in the guidelines (for example handling limitations, restrains on bowling, and so on) between the two variants of cricket. The varieties in the standards, and in particular, the decrease of overs from 50 to 20 propose that scoring designs in t20 may vary from the one-day game. Specifically, t20 is viewed as a progressively unstable game where the capacity to score 4s and 6s is more exceptionally esteemed than in one-day cricket. Since the D/L strategy (and its related asset table) depends on the scoring designs in one-day cricket, it is along these lines sensible to ask whether the D-L technique is suitable for t20. With the ascent of Twenty20, an examination of the D/L strategy applied to t20 is convenient. Up until this point in time, such an examination probably won't have been conceivable because of the deficiency of t20 coordinate outcomes. Presently examiners have available to them almost 200 universal matches, and using proficient estimation techniques, the inquiry might be in any event mostly tended to. Additionally, since t20 matches have a shorter length, until this point in time, not many matches have been hindered and continued by D/L. Therefore, if there is an issue with D/L applied to t20, it might not have yet showed itself. This was valid before the third editon of the World t20 in May 2010 when a disputable result happened in a game among England and the West Indies. The analysis coordinated at the use and fittingness of the strategy by players, analysts and fans give adequate inspiration to change the table in this undertaking. In Section 2, the development of the Duckworth/Lewis asset table is looked into just as its powerful origin comparative with past downpour rules. A few remarks are given on parts of the table and the impediments of the technique. In Section 3, an option Twenty20 asset table is acquired utilizing a non-parametric methodology dependent on Gibbs examining. The information utilized in the development of the new table comprise of all worldwide Twenty20 matches to date including Test-playing countries as perceived by the International Cricket Council (ICC). The undertaking closes with a short conversation in Section 4. A warmth map is given to encourage correlations between the two tables. 2. For their eyes just: Evaluation of the present technique and its suitability A dense variant of the Duckworth/Lewis asset table (Standard Edition) is appeared in Table 1 (taken from the ICC Playing Handbook 2008-09). In a continuous innings of one-day cricket, a group begins batting with greatest assets accessible, equal to 50 overs and zero wickets taken. Think about now a one-day coordinate where Team 1 scores 276 runs toward the finish of its 50 overs, as a basic case of the utilization of the Duckworth/Lewis asset table. Before Team 2 gets an opportunity to begin their pursuit of Team 1s aggregate, it downpours and they just get 30 overs for their innings. A glance at the asset table shows that Team 2 has just 75.1% of their assets close by and, thus, their objective for dominating the game is set at 276(0.751)=208 runs. Difference the Duckworth/Lewis focus with the irrationally low objective of 276(30/50)=166 runs dependent on run rates. Table 1. Abridged rendition of the Duckworth-Lewis asset table (Standard Edition) Overs accessible Wickets lost 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 50 100.0 93.4 85.1 74.9 62.7 49.0 34.9 22.0 11.9 40 89.3 84.2 77.8 69.6 59.5 47.6 34.6 22.0 11.9 30 75.1 71.8 67.3 61.6 54.1 44.7 33.6 21.8 11.9 25 66.5 63.9 60.5 56.0 50.0 42.2 32.6 21.6 11.9 20 56.6 54.8 52.4 49.1 44.6 38.6 30.8 21.2 11.9 10 32.1 31.6 30.8 29.8 28.3 26.1 22.8 17.9 11.4 5 17.2 17.0 16.8 16.5 16.1 15.4 14.3 12.5 9.4 1 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.2 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 The table sections show the level of assets staying in a match with the predetermined number of wickets lost and overs accessible. The D/L strategy has a few favorable circumstances, which make it without a doubt desirable over all recently utilized retargeting rules: culmination (it can deal with a wide range of interferences, even different interferences and other bizarre circumstances); the hidden numerical model is inside steady; tables are effectively available/the PC program is easy to use; and the technique contrasted with past guidelines saves the opportunity of winning by giving a generally sensible reset target. Duckworth and Lewis (1998) just make accessible fragmented data identifying with the production of the asset table. All things considered, they do uncover that the table sections depend on the estimation of the 20 parameters Z0(w) and b(w), w=0, †¦, 9 comparing to the capacity where Z(u,w) is the normal complete score acquired in u overs in a boundless overs coordinate where w wickets have been taken. While the utility of the Duckworth/Lewis table in one-day cricket can't be addressed, various inquiries emerge dependent on (1) and the evaluations found in Table 1: Is (1) the best bend while thinking about that there are a few parametric bends that could be fit? Is there any advantage in utilizing a non-parametric fit to infer the table sections? The capacity (1) alludes to boundless overs cricket yet is framed from a premise of one-day rules. Since one-day cricket is constrained overs cricket, is there a favorable position in considering the structure of the one-day game? How are the parameters assessed? On the off chance that the 10 bends comparing to w=0, †¦, 9 are fit independently, there are little information accessible past u=30 for fitting the bend with w=9. Likewise, the asymptotes for the bends with w=0,1,2 (see Figure 1 of Duckworth and Lewis (1998)) fall past the scope of the information. In Table 1, the last two segments have numerous indistinguishable passages going down the sections. Albeit not very many matches happen under these conditions, is it extremely reasonable for assets to stay steady as the accessible overs decline? This is an outcome of the asymptote forced by (1). Alt

Analysis Of The Book The Lottery Essay - 1893 Words

When I think of the lottery, I think of a game basically where they choose one number and something or something gets chosen. * Setting can best be defined as: B. Thy physical location, time, and social environment in which a story takes place. In the first paragraph, the setting is described as a beautiful sunny day that is during the summer. Everything is in bloom and the grass is green. Basically, during this first paragraph, the author describes it as a â€Å"perfect† day which shows how nice it is and making the reader not realize what the townspeople are actually going to do, which is the opposite of how this day really is. This sets a peaceful and happy tone and atmosphere throughout the beginning of the story. Mood can best be defined as: A. The emotional effect or feeling that a text creates in a reader. The mood that the villagers seem to be in is a happy and normal mood because they feel that the lottery is just another normal day. They are neither sad nor angry, just content and used to the tradition of doing the lottery. They act like nothing is wrong and do not care who dies. I can tell that they are in a content mood because they don t care about doing the lottery and feel that it is an important part of their lives. The type of event that the lottery seems to be is a gathering where they chose to kill one person by stoning them to death. The possible reason why the people hesitated to help Mr. summers with the box is that they don t want toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Lottery 1123 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion why. Suzanne Collin’s novel The Hunger Games and Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery† best illustrate this point by showing how a violent annual tradition affects a society and its innocent people. The Hunger Games has such uncanny similarities to â€Å"The Lottery† that it almost seems as if Collins used Jackson’s story as a source of inspiration for her novel. Both The Hunger Games and â€Å"The Lottery† are extremely similar thematically in the sense that sheepishly following tradition can oftenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Lottery 916 Words   |  4 Pages The Foreshadowing in â€Å"The Lottery† On a warm day in late June, villagers gather in the square to participate in a lottery run by Mr. Summers. The children arrive first and begin collecting stones until their parents call them to order. Mr. Summers calls each head of the household forward to a black wooden box, where each selects a slip of paper. Once the men have chosen, Mr. Summers allows everyone to open the paper and see who wins. Bill Hutchinson wins and his wife immediately starts protestingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Lottery Essay1370 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lottery is a fictional account of a group of villagers who conduct a yearly ceremony to determine at random who among their community will be ritually sacrificed. 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Individuals in the town don t know why they are doing what they are doing, thus theyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Lottery Jackson 919 Words   |  4 Pagesuses specific details to draw attention in certain points of the story. In the beginning of The Lottery Jackson provides us with specific details about the day on which the lottery takes place. She tells us the date â€Å"The morning of June 27th was clear and sunny, with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day† (Jackson 242), the time, â€Å"around ten o clock; in some towns there were so many people that the lottery took two days.† (Jackson 242) and the temperature, warm. Jackson applies the same attentionRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Lottery By Edgar Allan Poe970 Words   |  4 Pagesnot want their children to be reading. Shirley just wrote books that explained life, she made people see the truth in others. She wanted to see the capacity that humans had for evil. 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Usually, the winner of the lottery gains a lot of recognition for the money they win. But what would happen if there was a small town where people held a yearly lottery in which the â€Å"winner† was the member of the town who was not sacrificedRead MoreAn Unkindness of Tradition: Shirley Jackson ´s Biography1624 Words   |  7 Pagespurely based on her life as a mother and wife. Before these were published, Jackson and her family found that she had periodic depression issues. This has been largely known to be the reasoning for her controversial writing of things such as â€Å"The Lottery†, which was published in The New Yorker in 1948. During this time Jackson jokingly described herself as a practicing witch (Grade Saver, 1999). This housewife-turned-witch persona caught a lot of attention and gave her a suitable career path to

The Effect of Modern Day Technology Free Essays

World Literature II November 22, 2010 Cause and Effect Essay 590 Words The Cause and Effect of Modern Day Technology â€Å"The zipper dislodges the catch and a man needs only that much time to think while dressing at day break, a philosophical hour, and along these lines a despairing hour. † Ray Bradbury’s character of Beatty clarifies how innovation has adversely had a negative impact in Fahrenheit 451. Innovation changes around us consistently and pretty much consistently new innovation comes out that makes last year’s innovation appear to be practically ancient. We will compose a custom paper test on The Effect of Modern Day Technology or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now There is no doubt that innovation has made life simpler and progressively advantageous just as, travel quicker and life sparing clinical headways. It is hard not to consider the amount one really relies upon these new innovations and how they could be utilized to control everybody. Will the impact of this innovation be fortunate or unfortunate over the long haul? Today in our economy we have less individuals required for assembling and preparing employments and in this manner an overflow of work area occupations and item structuring occupations. These occupations at that point result in significantly higher efficiency and more advancements.This ceaseless pattern of profitability and headways leaves us dependant on innovation. In the book The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, the primary character Offred clarifies how new innovation was being presented until the nation got reliant on it. Out of nowhere that innovation and the manner in which she had figured out how to live is removed and individuals were lost without it. Some obscure tragic realm at that point effectively controlled these individuals that now couldn’t do anything. Consider the possibility that something to that effect were to happen today, the legislature began following where everybody experiences, route frameworks in vehicles, or telephones and who recognizes what else.Radio transmitting chips are as of now being embedded in certain mutts with the goal that their proprietors can discover them on the off chance that they get lost. This equivalent innovation could be embedded in children to forestall kidnappings or in hoodlums when discharged from jail. While the entirety of this sounds incredible at that point, will that innovation later be utilized against us simply like it was against Offred? Will governments track the entirety of our developments? Will our musings and thoughts be perused before we can talk them? Will satellites investigate our homes to ensure we are eating the privilege foods?Even today’s news features are loaded up with reports in regards to the full body scanners at air terminals. While we all need to be protected when flying and the contention is solid for the scanners, the cost or impact of it leaves us actually stripped to the administration. As per all day, every day Wall St. com, â€Å"the rundown of gadgets the Smartphone has started to supplant, and at times, that procedure is so far along that the more seasoned items have nearly vanished. † Will innovation put an eve r increasing number of individuals unemployed? Will the work that innovation replaces people leave every one of us apathetic in light of the fact that we are not utilizing a physical exertion anymore?On the other hand innovation has been exceptionally advantageous to us. Innovation has made us hugely increasingly effective and profitable, some innovation at any rate, other innovation be that as it may, is intended to makes us less beneficial. Ideally this pattern will increment. A few organizations have just recognized that security is a significant opportunity and are putting things out to help individuals. For instance Apple has recognized that individuals don’t like the possibility that they could be followed through their iPhone without warning.To decline these feelings of trepidation they made symbols that appear on your telephone and permit you to see when an application is utilizing your present area, just as choices to confine which applications can utilize your area. Ideally more organizations will follow in their lead and take out chance of this negative impact of relying upon advanced innovation. Innovation may be propelling more and mankind will ideally not capitulate completely to it. We need to settle on great choice in regards to how far we will let innovation supplant the human brainâ€the extreme PC. Like Ray Bradbury’s quote, we will no longer get an opportunity to think. Step by step instructions to refer to The Effect of Modern Day Technology, Papers

How to Write an Argumentative Essay Topic

<h1>How to Write an Argumentative Essay Topic</h1><p>If you are attempting to compose a contentious paper, it is significant that you know which pugnacious exposition points to search for and when to utilize them. You can't put together your article with respect to the subjects you utilize each and every time, yet rather you should realize when to utilize them.</p><p></p><p>One of the most regularly utilized pugnacious paper points includes a consistent paradox. We as a whole perused books that take this point and create strategies in doing as such. Contentions that fall into this class normally center around realities that are as often as possible questioned by the rival of the contention. This is alluded to as cherry picking.</p><p></p><p>The individual who is contending against the finish of your contention will for the most part express that the individual has better data that can back up the end. On the off chance that you have the more realities, this is valid. Nonetheless, you should consider the crowd that you are addressing when taking a gander at the realities and evidence.</p><p></p><p>If you are going for a huge counter-contention, you ought to abstain from contending a theme that doesn't legitimately affect the final product of the contention. Rather, utilize a point that is applicable to the end that you need to make, while making your decision something that can be contended by the reader.</p><p></p><p>Your objective is to introduce the contention in a way that is both coherent and instructive. A tad of individual genuineness is constantly a smart thought when composing a factious paper. On the off chance that you aren't 100% legit with yourself and your perusers, you won't be extremely persuading to them. A few people make some hard memories perusing uneven contentions since they don't have the opportunity to do so.</p><p> ;</p><p>Most individuals don't have the opportunity to spend perusing a contentious exposition, particularly one that is so specialized. Ifyou need to get around this issue, consider taking a class that centers around a theme that is inside your ability level. The educator will have the option to assist you with your composition in the event that you can't compose well on your own.</p><p></p><p>If you have never composed a pugnacious paper, I would recommend utilizing an expert author. They will have the option to offer you incredible guidance and heading with regards to composing a contentious article. They will likewise give the ideal device to helping you maintain a strategic distance from normal mix-ups that different authors make when they attempt to compose a pugnacious essay.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to figure out how to compose a decent contentious article is to initially concentrate probably the most we ll-known factious paper subjects. Gain proficiency with the guidelines of commitment, and afterward make the following stride by making your own instances of these topics.</p>

Sample Essay Paper Tips & Guide

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Personnel management-Part I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Work force the board Part I - Essay Example agreement with the progressions that are constantly happening in the business condition so as to keep up their intensity and capacity to lead the market. The point of this article is to enable the peruser to see how to lead preparing and improvement in a powerful manner. So as to yield the greatest out of the preparation and advancement program and making it viable and significant, there are numerous jobs a director or coach can play. These jobs help the manager in empowering the representatives and actuating certainty and enthusiasm for them. (Reece et al, 2010). The most significant job of a manager is that of a mentor. A decent mentor recognizes the trainee’s qualities and shortcomings so that he would neither get presumptuous (because of his qualities) nor too overpowered (because of his shortcomings). He enables the worker to stick point his abilities and interests and improve as needs be. He would likewise recommend routes through which the representative could change his shortcomings into his qualities, increment his efficiency and thrive in his vocation at a quicker pace making a success win circumstance for himself just as the association. A decent mentor is likewise a decent consultant. He watches out for the employee’s weaknesses and advices as needs be without putting him down. He helps his subordinates in defining up sensible profession objectives that would help him just as the association over the long haul. He would furnish the representative with all the important data and guidelines that are vital for him to know, so as to play out his undertakings all the more proficiently. A decent director assesses his subordinates in an open and straightforward way. He is able at giving incessant input however of useful nature that is expected to support the employee’s assurance and help him create. He controls from pointless analysis that may cut the employee’s confidence down and gives objectivity. He additionally assumes the job of a helper and lifts the workers’ self-assurance by

Three Things to Consider When Creating Your Own Essay Worksheet

<h1>Three Things to Consider When Creating Your Own Essay Worksheet</h1><p>Writing pugnacious exposition worksheets isn't a simple undertaking. On the off chance that you are an understudy, the errand of composing article worksheets is practically more disappointing than a part that you wrote in the last test. A decent method to defeat this issue is to make your own worksheet.</p><p></p><p>One thing that you ought to do when you make your own worksheet is to get acceptable contentions for each point that you need to introduce in your paper. Nonetheless, there are a few things that you should contemplate when you make your own worksheet. The main thing that you have to consider is whether you can do it without anyone's help or on the off chance that you need support. Along these lines, consider the accompanying three factors before you choose to make your own worksheet.</p><p></p><p>The increasingly significant factor i s whether you can really compose and change your exposition without anyone else. You have to do this with the goal that you can dissect your composition. You have to have great aptitudes with regards to breaking down your composition. In any case, composing your own worksheet can be a genuine test particularly on the off chance that you have to introduce an extremely perplexing argument.</p><p></p><p>Another point that you should consider when you make your own paper is the manner by which quick you can compose. You can undoubtedly duplicate or simply glue a worksheet for your article, however you can't alter it appropriately. In the event that you can compose your own worksheet individually, you should change it as time cruises by. This is much simpler said than done.</p><p></p><p>The third factor that you should consider is whether you have just composed your exposition and reworked it various occasions previously. On the off chance that you have as of now revised your article a few times, you ought to think about utilizing the worksheet as a format. Be that as it may, in the event that you don't get an opportunity to rework it, you should concentrate on delivering your own worksheet instead.</p><p></p><p>These three variables can assist you with creating your own worksheet that you can use in a brief timeframe. This is the most ideal route for you to have the option to deliver an extraordinary work for your essay.</p><p></p><p>You can without much of a stretch make your own worksheet by auditing these three components. The fundamental idea is straightforward and can have any kind of effect between an extraordinary article and a terrible one. Utilize the three components furthering your potential benefit so you can deliver an incredible essay.</p>

How To Choose The Best Online Writing Service

<h1>How To Choose The Best Online Writing Service</h1><p>The new pattern in the web based composing industry is recruiting a composing administration to accomplish all the work for you. There are numerous individuals who have great continues however are not skilled with regards to assembling words. So they recruit an essayist to do the entirety of the work for them. The bit of leeway to this is there is a lot of choices accessible so try not to be overpowered with the undertaking of finding the privilege writer.</p><p></p><p>The first thing you need to search for while picking a composing administration is to what extent they have been doing business. You need to ensure that you can depend on them to compose well as well as to convey quality work. You would prefer not to recruit somebody that is new to the business since no one can really tell what could befall their aptitudes after some time. They could get messy and there is no way around i t.</p><p></p><p>Make sure that you discover a composing administration that has tributes from current customers. This will give you some sign of how well they perform. A decent composing administration will likewise have a portfolio accessible that you can peruse through.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise search for an organization that has a framework that makes the work simpler. This may imply that they permit you to take your thoughts and transform them into articles that you can submit to sites or they may have different structures that you can round out before you present your work. These would all be able to make it simple for you to get your substance out and made into an expert looking article.</p><p></p><p>Having a group of essayists taking a shot at your undertaking can be an extraordinary advantage since you can request suppositions before your piece is distributed. On the off chance that you realize that one author has certain thoughts, you can inquire as to whether they might want to add it to the piece. You can discover who might be the best decision for the project.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise ensure that you employ an author that knows about the subject. This implies they know about recent developments and patterns just as the general condition of the economy. At the point when you employ somebody with such information, you will spare yourself a great deal of time since you won't need to clarify the why's and how's.</p><p></p><p>You ought to likewise ensure that you discover an essayist that is knowledgeable with their activity since they ought to have some information on the organization that they are composing for. A few organizations will require a particular number of articles and others will require various articles. A few articles may necessitate that you utilize certain catchphrases while others will just be dis tributed any place they appear.</p><p></p><p>One last factor to consider while employing a web based composing administration is cost. You need to have the option to get a thought of how much the administration will cost dependent on the sort of ventures that they have. Recall that the costs will shift contingent upon the sort of work that they are accomplishing for you.</p>

Creating a united ummah between 622 and 632 Essay

Clarify and remark on the manners by which Muhammad set about making a unified ummah somewhere in the range of 622 and 632 Key to clarifying the production of the unified ummah is the confirmation by Islam of the wars that were fundamental in accomplishing their point. The Muslim conviction around 622 is that Muhammad and the muhajirun who tailed him from Mecca to Medina were generally acknowledged by most inhabitants of Medina. The establishment for this was they had been asked there in any case †they should realize a serene unrest in a city fashioned with brutality and fights between seperate clans of individuals. Accordingly, Islam would have been the mend on the injuries that were plighting Medina. The non-Muslim view anyway is that Jews and munafiqun experienced issues in tolerating the beliefs of Islam and derided it. Muhammad was confronted with a test in bringing the individuals round to his perspective, and before the finish of 622, had just figured out how to convince 1000. The main undisputed, hard and fast skirmish of the production of the ummah was in 624. This was the Battle of Badr. While Muslims guarantee that the fight was battled out of unwaveringness to Allah alone, non-Muslims guarantee that it depended on a longing for vengeance against the Meccans who had driven them away from their unique home. The proof that Muslims guarantee to have supporting their contention is the very actuality that Muhammad and his adherents won the fight †they had Allah on their side, as is portrayed in Sura 7. Sura 7 is anyway accepted by rivals to have been composed at an alternate time to the Qur’an, so can't be fully trusted. Non-adherents guarantee that Muhammad was acting with narrow mindedness, which overrided the alleged commitment from Allah that he needed to follow up on. 625 saw the Battle of Uhud, which saw Abu Sufyan setting out contrary to Muhammad. His 3000 men would legitimately easily take care of the 700 that Muhammad could call upon †Muslim conviction follows that Allah was trying the confidence of his adherents in permitting one side to be such a great amount of greater than the other. Non-Muslim conviction clearly runs, yet some have contended that God couldn't have exclusively been on Muhammad’s side, given that the prophet rose up out of the fight with war wounds, and that some Meccans ignored requests, so there were different powers following up on the fight than those of Allah. Abu Sufyan set out to execute Muhammad again in 627, with the Battle of the Ditches. In this fight, Muhammad and his military were met with the power of 10,000 men. Impasse emerged when Muhammad burrowed channels, and a tempest saw off the Meccans, who had begun debates between themselves in any case. Non-Muslim doubt of this story is to a great extent meager, in spite of the fact that the ethical quality of killing 600-900 Jews later on in the year has been brought into question. This, and the offer of ladies and youngsters into subjection by Muhammad’s supporters has been sponsored up with the educating from the Qur’an perusing ‘God doesn't adore the misleading, the conviction by numerous Muslims that it was the main way they had of making the strict religious government that they needed, and the conviction that they reserved each privilege to restore the savagery that they guarantee had been started on them by the Jews and Meccans. Muhammad set out to improve the relations between the Medinans and the Meccans in 628, when the two urban communities consented to sign the Treaty of Hudabiya outside Meccan city limits. Muslims consider this bargain to verify Muhammad’s status as a hesitant warrior since it should tie down harmony and the appropriate for any Meccans to become Muslims in the event that they needed to. Islam’s status as being ‘more than a religion’ is likewise validated by the settlement, which Muslims accept depicted Muhammad just like an able government official †he additionally permitted Jews to appreciate strict opportunity, as an end-result of an additional duty. The Islamic conviction that the Muhammad spoke with sovereigns of Byzantium and Abyssinia is mitigated by non-Muslim hypothesis, which proposes that he addressed Arabian landmass pioneers and no more. Some Meccans were willfully changed over to Islam when the confidence arrived at Mecca on a little pilgramage in 629, yet the fundamental convergence of populace to the confidence came in 630 when Muhammad took the ciy forcibly. In the next year, he conveyed armed forces supporting his pioneers when they spread the news of Islam †the job that these powers played in changing over individuals to Islam is contested by Non-Muslims. â€Å"There is a lot of proof to help the view that Muhammad’s intentions were political and individual, instead of religious.† Right off the bat, it would not have been sensible for Muhammad’s intentions to have been exclusively strict. He would not have had the option to have been as effective as he was in the event that they had been †this is on the grounds that Islam is, according to adherents and non-devotees the same, something beyond a religion. The Islamic convictions overshadow governmental issues, and the individual wants of one individual. This makes it practically communist in its standards, which thus clarify how Muhammad thought that it was such an errand to really spread the confidence. It is far-fetched that Muhammad’s intentions were close to home, as if they had been, it would have been impossible he would have saved himself for so much analysis or abuse in battling the Meccans. He would have remained in Mecca and gotten by as a merchant if this was what he needed. He would anyway have had political thought processes. These would have been vital in changing over a ruthless city into a strict religious government, and would must have been sponsored up with a goals to act in potentially fierce manners to bring them through. What Muhammad was doing was in no way, shape or form simple †he put his life at risk for Allah, who had just gotten him through dreams to mention to him what he needed to do. Muhammad has been depicted by certain individuals as being eager for power, prompting his campaigns, fights and arrangements across Arabia. What it must be recalled is that he passed on in 632 as a sensibly elderly person †he battled not for himself yet for Allah.

The Impact that Line Managers have on Organisational Performance Essay

The Impact that Line Managers have on Organizational Performance - Essay Example The paper tells that while a business can create its favored culture using its goals and guidelines of achievement, hierarchical societies will in general convey more outcomes when they are a side-effect of the convictions of a company’s laborers. Authoritative culture is a reality that will decide the capacity of a line supervisor to effectively speak with different specialists. Then again, if an organization has just a couple of laborers, its hierarchical culture may force the line director to be the person who disciplines errant specialists or offers revision when fundamental. This can cause issues since representatives are not liable to trust in a person that revises their slip-ups all the time. In bigger associations, line supervisors get the opportunity to discuss adequately with representatives and create relational associations with them even as they screen various exercises and gracefully standard reports on the advancement of work to higher positioning corporate offi cials. Line supervisors are commonly trusted by workers since they are not seen as being simply the specialists that are liable for regulating different capacities. Regardless of whether an association has an assignment arranged culture or one where despotic standards are watched, the line supervisor has the duty to order this culture for the laborers, who at that point imitate the person in question. For example, if corporate officials wish for their representatives to build up a culture of collaboration, they need to join their line directors in occupations that additionally incorporate different workers with the goal that a group air can be made. This implies the line director must have the option to grasp change quickly himself before effectively rousing different laborers to grasp change. Most line administrators support the endeavors of representatives to acknowledge corporate objectives by utilization of remunerations, for example, pay climbs, advancements, or straightforward applause. This culture of the arrangement of remunerations won't just outcome in improved tasks however will likewise bring about both the laborers and the administration having the option to trust in the developing connection between them two.

Writing About A Career Choice - College Essay on Career Options

<h1>Writing About A Career Choice - College Essay on Career Options</h1><p>College articles can be expounded on vocation decisions, yet the point could be anything. Since such a large number of individuals choose to remain in a similar activity they have for a long time, they have to consider changing vocations they proceed to learn and encounter. They might be stuck in work that isn't actually what they were initially searching for or it might be a difference in profession that is important to move ahead.</p><p></p><p>Essays are composed to assist understudies with learning and investigate their insight. They are likewise a path for understudies to communicate and pick the heading wherein they need to end their lives. The author can concentrate on how the understudy got some answers concerning their vocation decision and this can assist them with knowing the particular profession that they picked. An alternate point of view on the subject ca n likewise enable the author to comprehend an adjustment in profession more clearly.</p><p></p><p>Writing an article about a vocation decision can be testing, yet there are things to remember. One should remember that there is no correct method to compose the article. It just relies upon the understudies' conclusion and interests.</p><p></p><p>Some understudies will most likely be unable to deal with the point, particularly on the off chance that it includes composing. Others might be better at composing thus they can be the ones composing the paper. It relies upon the understudy, yet there are a few rules that can help in a circumstance like this.</p><p></p><p>The most significant perspective is to discover a point that the understudy likes. The more included the understudy is with their vocation decision, the simpler it will be to compose an exposition about it. This is on the grounds that they may as of now h ave taken in all they have to think about their profession decision and the topic. Since they definitely know the essentials of the profession they have picked, they can fill in the blanks.</p><p></p><p>Ofcourse, the understudy's advantages are significant as well. The subjects that intrigue them are probably going to intrigue the peruser, as well. Since they are expounding on something they are keen on, they might be increasingly well-suited to make it intriguing. At the point when this occurs, the article will be progressively educational and creative.</p><p></p><p>Writing about a vocation decision requires a lot of devotion. Before whatever else, the essayist must place the time and vitality into the venture. It might be simpler to do this while still in school, however once the understudy graduates and has additional time on their hands, they might be increasingly spurred to move forward.</p><p></p><p>Allowi ng understudies to investigate distinctive profession alternatives and have them expound on their experience is one approach to make the best out of school. These articles are an extraordinary route for understudies to investigate and choose what profession way they need to take. Since understudies are permitted to pick their own point, they are given an extraordinary chance to investigate their decisions before making a last decision.</p>

The Basics of Sample of Essay Titles For Death Penalty Cases

<h1>The Basics of Sample of Essay Titles For Death Penalty Cases</h1><p>Examining tests of paper titles for capital punishment cases can assist you with deciding whether a specific author can be a solid match for your requirements. An example of the paper title is a brief and simple to follow framework of the principle thoughts and focuses in a short article. It is a useful manual for show where to start on the off chance that you are searching for a decent starting article, or a total compose up.</p><p></p><p>Sample titles are here and there alluded to as diagram titles since they are the beginning stage for your composition. Frequently, the authors who offer example of paper titles for capital punishment cases are attorneys. These people have the experience and information to make a reasonable title for your exposition. The equivalent can't be said for some understudies and instructors who offer example of exposition titles for capital puni shment cases.</p><p></p><p>Your reason in perusing test titles is to find out about the fundamental purposes behind the sentence's utilization. This makes it simpler to distinguish your primary concern or thought. Regularly, test of paper titles for capital punishment cases contain countless expressions. They utilize the expressions sparingly so the peruser will get a thought of how each expression ought to be utilized. By doing this, you will build up a simpler opportunity approaching up with your own.</p><p></p><p>The essential objective of a short article is to convey an away from or set of thoughts. Numerous perusers can relate to a sentence that is communicated with short and straightforward language. At the point when a sentence contains such a large number of words utilized inappropriately, the importance is lost. A few people like protracted sentences with troublesome words yet the dominant part favor succinct and basic essays. </p><p></p><p>There are two principle reasons for tests of article titles for capital punishment cases. In the first place, they are an instrument to utilize while inquiring about scholars who are probably going to give a decent review. The authors who give tests of paper titles to capital punishment cases regularly take an elevated expectation of composing. They know about the style, lingual authority and tone that will make your article stick out. These are likewise the journalists you need to take your composing aptitudes to the following level.</p><p></p><p>The second intention is for an article when an essayist doesn't have a lot of understanding. You can immediately get disheartened in the creative cycle in the event that you invest a ton of energy looking for an author who can make an extraordinary article. Rather, investigate tests of paper titles for capital punishment cases and check whether there is somebody specifically tha t you can work with. Utilize the examples as your rundown of names until you discover somebody who is a solid match for your needs.</p><p></p><p>Sample of article titles for capital punishment cases can be discovered on the web and in book shops. Make a point to peruse them cautiously and check whether any of the scholars have a similar way of thinking. The scholars who give tests of article titles to capital punishment cases ought to likewise be eager to offer free amendments. This permits you to find out about the composing style you are most agreeable with.</p><p></p><p>Looking at tests of article titles for capital punishment cases will permit you to decide if you need an essayist with more experience or not. Having an essayist who can give a decent author style to your requirements is a decent method to plan for your test. Not all authors are experienced and you ought to investigate the way that some will always be unable to fulfi ll your guidelines. Your goal is to thought of a full story utilizing the most remarkable composing abilities you can.</p>

Samples of Literature Reviews For Experimental Psychology Research Papers

<h1>Samples of Literature Reviews For Experimental Psychology Research Papers</h1><p>The tests of writing surveys for trial brain science investigate papers are remembered for the diary article. These examples ought to be like the exploration papers that will be distributed in the diary. The most ideal approach to ensure that the writing audit is experimentally stable is to peruse a couple of surveys by scientists.</p><p></p><p>A writing survey contains the best and the most recent research papers and furthermore makes reference to the significant audits, papers and even encounters. It can assist you with seeing how examinations were directed. Once in a while, a writing audit can likewise be very useful when managing the results.</p><p></p><p>Most of the examinations are led by experimenters. In this manner, it is very significant that the experimenters get criticism from their associates. By getting criticism from you r kindred experimenters, you can get a thought regarding how they had the option to lead the examination effectively. By having the writing survey in the diary, you will get an increasingly complete image of how a specific analysis was conducted.</p><p></p><p>Some tests are considered as disappointments, while a few investigations are viewed as fruitful. The writing audit would be valuable in distinguishing what trial strategies were utilized. Without a writing audit, you would have no clue whether a specific trial was effective or not.</p><p></p><p>You may get a criticism from the experimenters about their encounters with the examinations. A writing audit is considered as the most ideal approach to recognize the disappointments and missteps. Along these lines, it is the most significant piece of any experiment.</p><p></p><p>Some examinations might be done to get the genuine outcomes. In these analyses, the outc omes are noted. A writing survey can likewise get the discoveries and the perceptions identified with these experiments.</p><p></p><p>Even however a writing audit may help you in tackling all the issues in regards to a test, you can't depend on this survey as you should make your own decisions dependent on your perceptions and the data that you got from the writing audit. As you most likely are aware, just an examination paper can give you a logical proof.</p>

The Diamond Essay -- Diamonds Jewelry

The Diamond Precious stone is the most popular jewel. It is known as the â€Å"king of gems† for its brightness and for being the hardest mineral on earth. (Foa, p.50) Its attributes empower it to be utilized for a wide range of purposes. Since precious stones are the hardest jewels on Mohs’ scale, they make helpful apparatuses for mechanical purposes, for example, boring hard materials. Nonetheless, they are very uncommon, which makes them entirely important. Their magnificence and splendor make them ideal for adornments.      Diamond is comprised of carbon. Another type of unadulterated carbon is graphite. Graphite is the steady type of carbon, found at the earth’s surface. Regardless of the way that they have indistinguishable synthetic organization, the two minerals are radically unique. Precious stone is the hardest known substance and is generally light hued and straightforward, while graphite is oily, effectively powdered, and dull in shading. Precious stone is the hardest pearl on Mohs’ hardness scale and graphite is the gentlest. Precious stone is exceptionally hard in light of its thick pressing and interlocking nuclear game plan. Graphite, then again, in spite of the fact that it is a similar component, is all the more inexactly pressed and has a six-sided, layered setup, which makes it delicate (Pough, 1991). The contrasts among graphite and precious stones are represented by the conditions in which they are made. Precious stones structure over significant stretches of time, between 100 km and 200 km beneath the surface. At this extraordinary profundity, carbon gets an opportunity to cool step by step, framing precious stone gems. At the point when volcanic emissions happen, magma conveys the precious stones up to the outside of the earth. Kimberlite magmas conveying precious stones emit at anyplace somewhere in the range of 10 and 30 km/hour and increment their speed to a few hundred km/hour inside the last scarcely any kilometers. (Pough, 44) At the surface, this magma cools and transforms into Kimberlite rock. That is the reason jewels are regularly found in kimberlite, a volcanic stone, which is frequently a lot more youthful than the precious stones themselves. All precious stones that are around today are in any event 990,000,000 years of age. On the off chance that a similar component carbon discovered its way to the surface, before it got an opportunity to frame gems and harden, it wou ld transform into graphite. Jewel precious stones happen in an assortment of shapes and structures. There are octahedral, cubic, and dodecahedral precious stone gems. The octahedral gems are framed with eight sides, the cubic ones have six sides, and the dodecahedra... ...es where mining happens, top notch jewels are not plenteous by any means. All things considered, a precious stone mine yields short of what one carat of jewel for each five tons of rock. All things considered, under 20% is usable for pearls and half of this is lost in cutting. (Arem, p.37) So as to be utilized in adornments, after precious stones are mined, they should be cut. Since jewels have such a high hardness, they are cut utilizing different precious stones. What permits them to be cut at all is the way that they don't have uniform bridle all through the whole stone. For instance, the purpose of an octahedron is more diligently than the outside of an octahedral face. Accordingly, when powdered precious stone is utilized to cut a jewel gem, the powder will consistently contain a few particles that are situated in a â€Å"hard† course comparable to the gem being cut. (Arem, p.38). Catalog Arem, Joel E. All-Color Guide: Gems and Jewelry. second version. Geoscience Press, Inc. 1992. Fisher, P. J. The Science of Gems. Charles Scribner’s Sons. New York, 1966. Foa, Emma. Pockets Gemstones. DK Publishing. New York, 1997. Pough, Frederick H. Peterson Guide to Rocks and Minerals. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston, 1991.

U03d1 Medicare Level of Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U03d1 Medicare Level of Care - Essay Example There is likewise a Part D which covers for physician endorsed drugs. The Part D that has been given the protection is for the doctor prescribed medications and this was mostly planned to improve the entrance of people to look over changed wellbeing plans dependent on their individual needs and prerequisites (Jacobson and Anderson, 2010). The principle intension and thought of the Part D was to give help to the senior residents who couldn't manage the cost of a different medication spread for the physician recommended drugs. In an article by Shaviro he clarifies, â€Å"The structure of the new professionally prescribed medication advantage nearly guarantees that it will before long be extended. Genuine protection furnishes individuals with inclusion against most pessimistic scenario situations, for example, paying a great deal for human services when they become gravely sick. It doesn't offer first-dollar inclusion of routine costs; this would just support squander and be a present to any individual who got the inclusion without paying for it. In any case, genuine protection isn't politically well known, supposing that you lose your protection wager by not really having a disaster that would trigger its inclusion, you may whine, sometime later, that you didnt get anything out of it† (Shaviro, 2004). There have been various perspectives and thoughts that have been given throughout the years to the reasonability of Part D of the Medicare. A few creators like Neuman and Cubanski, 2009, clarify that one of most ideal approaches to lessen the expenses is just of the administration progresses in the direction of arrangement with the pharmaceuticals as opposed to the privately owned businesses moving in the direction of the dealings. The creators additionally talk about another program which will be presented in 2010, and is known as the voucher exhibition venture. To finish up the paper it is protected to state that the eventual fate of the Part D is basically reliant on the expenses and the cost slicing would prompt bettered execution of this part

Argumentative Essay Topics on Cyber Security

<h1>Argumentative Essay Topics on Cyber Security</h1><p>An factious exposition subject on digital security centers around the need of building a sheltered and secure Internet world. There is a ton of discussion around this subject. It isn't just on the web yet disconnected as well. Since an enormous number of individuals rely upon the Internet for work and regular living, you will see that everybody is investigating approaches to assemble their very own networks.</p><p></p><p>People are worried about the security of our systems since they should have the option to work together in a situation where nothing can be trusted. This discussion has brought about the production of a wide range of feelings and exchanges. One of the suppositions is that the Internet is a solid course yet doesn't add to the wellbeing of your system. There are additionally the individuals who think about it as a hazardous spot to have PCs however can't figure out how to connect these different sides of the argument.</p><p></p><p>Although there is a great deal of discussion on the web, you can regularly locate those supporting this thought. This is on the grounds that they don't know why anybody would decide to live under the danger of digital assaults. It is regularly contended that in the event that you're utilizing your PC for day by day work, at that point you should have the option to utilize it. Regardless of whether it's not your day by day task, you should have the option to be gainful and make educated decisions.</p><p></p><p>If you are experiencing issues getting your factious article subjects on digital security done and need more assistance, you ought to go on the Internet and do some examination. You should take a gander at a few of the product programs accessible for use. When you have the Internet available to you, you should attempt to utilize it in your essay.</p><p></p& gt;<p>When you have tackled the different issues related with digital assault, you should now be prepared to compose. There are various ways you can transform your articles into powerful composition. Despite the fact that this is more difficult than one might expect, you ought to have in any event a couple of smart thoughts prepared when you start to write.</p><p></p><p>The continue is a record used to assist you with doing a little research about yourself. Ensure you have data on any destinations you have worked for. It is additionally a smart thought to list any pertinent achievements you have had. On the off chance that you have done things, for example, taking part in various Internet discussions, you may likewise need to remember this data for your resume.</p><p></p><p>When you are attempting to work superbly and get a decent compensation, you should join an online security organization. They can assist you with seeing how t o best make a report that contains all that you have to provide.</p>

School Violence And Schools Violence - 2781 Words

School violence has become a topic that many people are engaged in a debate about. It is difficult to make a definitive definition of school violence, because there are so very many components to it. For one thing, we can be sure that school violence and bullying is something that only takes place amongst peers; this type of violence typically does not involve adults, and happens as a result of interactions from school or within the peer group. This part of the definition seems obvious. However, like some other forms of violence, there really is no concrete set of information that would allow us to distinctively define school violence as just one thing. One could define it in terms of violating private persons or property. Another could define school violence in terms of a simply violent act that takes place in school. Then, when the term bullying is brought into the equation, it complicates the definition even more, because the range of contexts which bullying is put into is so incr edibly broad. One may consider teasing another student about the shirt they have on is bullying, while another person would say that bullying is only truly bullying when a physical altercation breaks out. A comprehensive definition may be one founded by the Center for Prevention of School Violence in North Carolina (2002): â€Å"school violence is any behavior that violates a school’s educational mission or climate of respect or jeopardizes the intent of the school to be free of aggression againstShow MoreRelatedSchool Violence2444 Words   |  10 PagesSchool Violence Victoria Griffin Fayetteville State University The Importance to Be Aware Of School Violence in Education Today By Victoria Griffin December 1, 2014 Abstract: The importance of knowing about school violence, the cause of school violence, forms of school violence and they ways teacher can prevent school violence was observed. A recent act of school violence is announced and the content of why it is important for teachers to be aware of school violence. School violenceRead MoreSchool Violence2187 Words   |  9 PagesSchool Violence Violence in schools has spread widely throughout the nation. School violence is a big problem we are facing now. This has caused many problems among students, families’ faculty of schools and residents of the community. School violence includes gang activity, locker thefts, bullying and intimidation, gun use, assault, and drugs. In my paper I will discuss the reasons why violence in schools exists, describeRead MoreSchool Violence Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesPreventing school violence has been an issue in our society for so long it has almost become commonplace. According to an article on www.infoplease.com, since the year 2000, there have been a recorded 64 shooting related incidents that involved publicly occupied areas. That is an occurrence of almost five per year. Of those 64, 94% of these incidents were school related shootings. The violence goes from elementary schools all the way up to college universities. The statistics are not pretty by anyRead MoreEssay o n Violence in Schools1490 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in schools is a problem that Americans have had to face at an ever increasing rate. Instead of fistfights, the issues are fatal, like school shootings. Violence is nationally defined as a physical force used to injure, damage or destroy (Guralnik, D., 1997, P.1490). In the past decade, students are using more than physical force. They are using deadly weapons to injure or kill their peers and authority figures, and to destroy school property. Safety is considered to be the freedom fromRead MoreThe Violence Of Public Schools871 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, several mass shootings have occurred in several places. Sadly, public schools in America have been venues for these mass shootings. How do we reduce these shootings? How do we ensure that the lives of our kids are safe? These are the questions parents all over America are asking. A lot of suggestions have been made to the government concerning the issue of mas s shootings. Some say government have to ban the purchase of guns, others say there should be background checks, while othersRead MorePreventing School Violence608 Words   |  2 Pagesor experienced some form of school violence is growing at an alarming rate. School violence has been increasing rapidly but there are ways to prevent it. School violence is defined as anything that jeopardizes a schools educational mission. This includes bullying, fights, assault, harassment, and even shootings. Over the years, there has been an increase in cases. But, there are ways to slow the increase of school violence. School violence is posing harm to schools across the United States. PreventionRead MoreShould School Violence Be Banned?901 Words   |  4 PagesPrabhdip Kang Mr. Shurrie Did you guys hear? About that shooting at the school? Most of you guys, thought about something different. This just goes to show you how many different shootings have happened recently. I’m not sure where to begin, but according to The Star Newspaper, there were more than 1,100 incidents of school violence in just 4 years, that’s a lot. If you were to google â€Å"school shooting† right now, you would find numerous incidents that happened just this week that happened in CanadaRead More Violence in Our Schools Essay1257 Words   |  6 Pages Violence in our Schools Children today are growing up in an increasingly violent atmosphere, both in society in general and in their schools. While there is no easy answer as to how to end this violence once and for all, we can look at some of the causes and take steps to contain that which we can. The main contributing factor in all recent school shootings has been the shooters’ feelings that they were bullied by and alienated from the rest of the children and were made to feel that they wereRead MoreThe Fight Against School Violence Essay1901 Words   |  8 Pagesthat at least ten percent of the schools in the entire United States of America are faced with problems associated with violence and in these schools there is at least one serious case of crime other than thefts and physical attacks†(School Violence...). The article, School Violence-a Survey, on the School Violence, Weapons, Crime, and Bullying website clearly states a rising problem within the US. It seems as if the news has a co nstant flow of new school violence cases, and there is no indicationRead MoreThe Effects Of School Violence On Today s Youth2247 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract This research investigates definitions of school violence in general and as a subset of youth violence in particular and investigates and the core environmental factors and the individual student risk factors found to contribute to school violence. The research also includes investigation into the effects of school violence on today’s youth in general and the negative outcomes of school violence including poor physical health, poor mental health, poor academic achievement, and a decreased

Psychology in the media Extrasensory perception (ESP)

Research Paper on Magical Realism Essay Enchanted authenticity is a term utilized by abstract analysis and workmanship analysis since 1925 to represent creations where components gathered and declared as â€Å"magical,† â€Å"supernatural,† and â€Å"irrational† emerge in a situation characterized as â€Å"realistic† to be specific in a recorded, land, and social etymological setting likely, and established in a conspicuous reality. This term is for the most part related today to specific works or creators of the couple of Latin American creators of twentieth century as the Mexicans Juan Rulfo and Carlos Fuentes, Argentines Julio Cortazar and Adolfo Bioy Casares, Bolivian Jaime Saenz, or Colombian Gabriel Garcia Marquez granted Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982. His epic One Hundred years of Solitude distributed in 1967 is frequently refered to as excellent. The birthplace of this term and its extension is a lot more extensive, in any case, since it was utilized to portray a wide assortment of books, sonnets, artistic creations, and movies just as to characterize various styles, feel, classes, patterns, developments, and schools, both in Europe and America, and extended, in the more up to date way, to world writing. We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Paper on Magical Realism explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Paper on Magical Realism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Research Paper on Magical Realism explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The term â€Å"magic realism† was characterized without precedent for 1925 by the German craftsmanship pundit Franz Roh in his book to portray four of the seven new patterns he recognized in the European pictorial creation of the 1920s, notwithstanding the still prevailing styles of impressionism and expressionism. In any case, the assignment of â€Å"magical realism† would have been held in reference to some German, Flemish or Italian scholars, for example, Ernst Junger, Jean Ray, Hubert Lampo, Johan Daisne, and Massimo Bontempelli. Moving to North Europe journalists and grant from North or South America, (for example, Jorge Luis Borges) will permit the importation of the oversea ideas. Because of the Spanish interpretation of a Roh’s book in 1928, the term â€Å"realismo magico† bit by bit got well known in the principal Latin American artistic circles and from 1955 among Hispanic writing teachers in American colleges. Then, the dispatch of the contending idea of â€Å"real maravilloso† in 1948 by the Cuban essayist Alejo Carpentier in the introduction to his novel The Kingdom of this world presented some turmoil despite everything causing basic talk today and incited the formation of the term â€Å"wonderful realism† in the Caribbean and Brazilian scholarly circles. Awesome or otherworldly authenticity by and large expects to catch reality through artwork every day life to uncover the breathtaking substance, unreasonable, some of the time consuming reality to the degree of fantasy. They propose a dream of reality recharged and extended by considering the portion of weirdness, nonsensicalness, peculiarity, or puzzle that the presence and the human psyche contain. The conventional idea of â€Å"realism† is surpassed by the mediation of the incredible into the work without changing the status of last mentioned. Free model research papers on otherworldly authenticity are a decent method to comprehend the system of the exploration proposition composing. At EssayLib.com composing administration you can arrange a custom research paper on Magical Realism themes. Your exploration paper will be composed without any preparation. We enlist first class Ph.D. furthermore, Master’s essayists just to furnish understudies with proficient research paper help at moderate rates. Every client will get a non-counterfeited paper with convenient conveyance. Simply visit our site and take care of in the request structure with all examination paper subtleties: Make the most of our expert research paper composing administration!

Designing Petrol Tanker Using Thin Shell Theory Assignment

Planning Petrol Tanker Using Thin Shell Theory - Assignment Example Utilizing your response to section a, decide an appropriate material and its thickness for the chamber utilizing slight walled chamber hypothesis to ascertain the loop and longitudinal anxieties. Controllers and fittings the funnel frameworks of the liquid big hauler framework are to be very much coordinated with the channels to which they are connected regarding their quality. As indicated by the figurings, plastic is the best material for giving activity at the most extreme working pressure the modelers of the big hauler will involvement with administration (Nash, 1998, p. 80). Such material is presented to a hydrostatic test in the organization of a reviewer at the seeking after estimation of weight: PH = 1,5P Where PH is identical to test pressure (bar) P = configuration pressure (bar) as positive in P1.2.7. For steel cylinders and fundamental installations for temperatures surpassing 300 °C, the test pressure is to be determined through the utilization of the ensuing equation. By the by, it isn't necessary that it outperforms 2P: T 100 H K P =1,5P Where K100 is proportionate to adequate weight at 100 °C KT = mediocre weight at the arrangement temperature (Nash, 1998, p. 80). The value of the preliminary weight may be diminished, with the help of the requesting society, to 1,5P to avoid extraordinary weight in a technique for ebbs and flows and T-pieces. The appropriate material and thickness utilizing the dainty walled chamber hypothesis is resolved through yield that happens when most extreme weight variety, or cut weight is experienced. This pressure shows up at the value coordinating the yield in straightforward strain (Hoefakker, 2001, p. 151). This hypothesis has been found to be in astounding understanding with investigational discoveries for this specific case, and it’s yielding material. The circle and longitudinal anxieties will be controlled by the weight by the consistent yield,, that the flexible material suffers in pressure, and the re is no strain toughening. The longitudinal weight in the pie frameworks is either zero or lies scientifically in the midst of the loop and spiral weight. From this circumstance, the pressure should seek after the most extreme pressure variety, which is determined by the loop and spiral burdens. On the off chance that the tanker’s compartment with fixed closures has an outside distance across D and a divider thickness t = 0.1D. The band and longitudinal burdens occupied with applying slim divider chamber hypothesis will compensate for the decided worth of fringe pressure and the incomparable shear pressure in the compartment (Tangential pressure  ± 9.75%: max. shear pressure  ± 11.1%) (Hoefakker, 2001, p. 151). c. Notwithstanding the burdens brought about by the petroleum, the vehicle uses the tank as a focused on part to give torsional solidness to the vehicle. As such the tank conveys a torque of 63,000Nm. Utilizing complex pressure hypothesis, ascertain the most extre me guideline stress and the plane that this follows up on. Affirm that your material and thickness decision for the tank is as yet appropriate. The intricate pressure presumption audits dominant part of the information from this case as Sines. By the by, a marginally differed worldview in the chamber of the fluid big hauler may encounter comparative weight because of its explanatory structure and layout (Nash,

The Ultimate Write a Term Paper Trick

<h1>The Ultimate Write a Term Paper Trick </h1> <p>The association has become the most huge section a combination, so evaluate more than 1 configuration. To start with, the system starts by finishing the buy structure. The way toward making a request is a basic and straightforward one. All things considered, it's an unpleasant and inconvenient technique, especially for fakers. </p> <p>When you can't abbreviate your title, ensure that the whole content is twofold separated. Your cover sheet is the underlying impression of your work so ensure it will catch your peruser's advantage. There are bunches of understudies who feel that a cover sheet is totally urgent for a wide range of scholastic composition. 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Aig Case Solution Free Essays

string(67) " very important aspect that is prominent in our professional life\." [pic] LEADERSHIP AT AIG: DOES STYLE MATTER? Case Overview This case deals with executive leadership styles. In particular, this case deals with American International Group, the world’s insurance company, and its CEO Maurice â€Å"Hank† Greenberg. Greenberg, an autocratic leader, was recently deposed by his board of directors after problems emerged regarding possible earning manipulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Aig Case Solution or any similar topic only for you Order Now It describes his leadership style, reasons his two sons (former employees) left the company, and Martin Sullivan, Greenberg’s successor. Like his former boss, Sullivan micromanages the organization, but is well liked by employees. Teaching Objectives ) To show students the impact of autocratic leadership style on employees. 2) To distinguish between micro and participative management in an organization. 3) To introduce the concept of leadership succession and its effects on organizations. Purpose This case presents various leadership styles used by CEOs. It suggests that executives who uses a more participative leadership style are more likely to create an effective employee workplace. Relationship to Part 4 The relationship of this case to part 4: leadership and its styles, possible motivation of employees through style, the encouragement of team work and communication. This case can draw on various theories in all four chapters of Part 4. Questions Question 1. AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice â€Å"Hank† Greenberg was considered an autocratic leader and a micromanager by many employees; yet the company grew dramatically during his reign as CEO. Does leadership style matter as long as the company performs well and shareholders are satisfied with their return on investment? Answer Leadership does matter. A company may perform well, and shareholders may be satisfied with their return on investment, but on another level this style of leadership may do irreparable hard to employee effectiveness and morale. Eventually autocratic leadership will take it toll on the organization and its ability to operate effectively. Question 2. AIG’s new CEO Sullivan has been labeled a micromanager, but with a more pleasant personality. Can he, as a micromanager, develop a more participative leadership style? How? Answer It may be very difficult for a manager/leader to change his management and leadership style. There is indeed a time and place for autocratic leadership (e. g. , when time is limited), but we know that participative leadership often produces better results. While it is often difficult for executives (managers) to let go and delegate more to underlings, AIG’s new CEO Sullivan can learn to develop a more participative leadership style. He must begin to create more teams, motivate more employees to participate in corporate activities, and communicate more effective. In part, his micromanagement style may be a result of following Greenberg’s lead. As Sullivan becomes more comfortable in his new role, he should be able to delegate more effectively, especially if he is to deal with more strategic corporate issues. Leadership is a very important aspect that is prominent in our professional life. You read "Aig Case Solution" in category "Essay examples" If a team is led by an effective good leader, the team is more likely to perform well as per the expectations of the project. On the other hand, if the leader is a person who just issues orders and commands the tasks to be done, the team is demotivated and does tend to perform less than they actually can. If you are a working professional, you might have got an idea about the types of leadership styles and techniques. The working and managing style of a leader plays a very important part in making the leadership role effective. There are various managers who adopt different leadership styles and methods for employee and process management. Each leadership style has its own methods, behavior, effects, and aspects. Participative leadership is a very significant leadership style that is most beneficial to employees, managers alike. What is Participative Leadership Style? As the name suggests, this leadership style relates to a method of having things done by involving team members in goals setting and decision making. Since there is an involvement of team members and employees in being a part of the management, this is by far the most useful management style in the business world. Though there is employee participation, the leader is handed over the responsibility of taking the final decision. In this corporate leadership style, the manager works with the team and not over the team, which is why he can determine even the minutest errors of the processes that have to be executed. Advantages of Participative Leadership Style There are many apparent and proven advantages of the participative leadership practice. A very important advantage is that employees and team members are motivated to work, because they realize that the management is ready to consider their suggestions and viewpoints. And if there is such employee motivation, the team members happen to work more effectively than expected. This eventually has a good effect on the company’s revenue. Secondly, since the manager becomes like a team member and takes part in the decision-making process, it has a good impact on teamwork. Thirdly, as more than one minds are working on goal setting and decision making, there is an all-round analysis of the possibilities of failures. Therefore, the manager can majorly rule out any errors and possibilities of failures in the project. You can say that there is a broader assessment of the situation which is to be worked upon. The result of participative leadership can also be effective decisions suggested by experts in the respective field. In this kind of business leadership, the manager does not only involve team members, but can also take guidance from his peers. One of the most suitable participative leadership examples can be when a manager divides project work in his team members including himself, discusses the project requirements and expectations with the team leader and other members, and then they work on it collectively. Participative leadership surely increases employee satisfaction, reduces the workload of managers, and creates better teamwork; with all this eventually contributing to good worLeadership is a very important aspect that is prominent in our professional life. If a team is led by an effective good leader, the team is more likely to perform well as per the expectations of the project. On the other hand, if the leader is a person who just issues orders and commands the tasks to be done, the team is demotivated and does tend to perform less than they actually can. If you are a working professional, you might have got an idea about the types of leadership styles and techniques. The working and managing style of a leader plays a very important part in making the leadership role effective. There are various managers who adopt different leadership styles and methods for employee and process management. Each leadership style has its own methods, behavior, effects, and aspects. Participative leadership is a very significant leadership style that is most beneficial to employees, managers alike. What is Participative Leadership Style? As the name suggests, this leadership style relates to a method of having things done by involving team members in goals setting and decision making. Since there is an involvement of team members and employees in being a part of the management, this is by far the most useful management style in the business world. Though there is employee participation, the leader is handed over the responsibility of taking the final decision. In this corporate leadership style, the manager works with the team and not over the team, which is why he can determine even the minutest errors of the processes that have to be executed. Advantages of Participative Leadership Style There are many apparent and proven advantages of the participative leadership practice. A very important advantage is that employees and team members are motivated to work, because they realize that the management is ready to consider their suggestions and viewpoints. And if there is such employee motivation, the team members happen to work more effectively than expected. This eventually has a good effect on the company’s revenue. Secondly, since the manager becomes like a team member and takes part in the decision-making process, it has a good impact on teamwork. Thirdly, as more than one minds are working on goal setting and decision making, there is an all-round analysis of the possibilities of failures. Therefore, the manager can majorly rule out any errors and possibilities of failures in the project. You can say that there is a broader assessment of the situation which is to be worked upon. The result of participative leadership can also be effective decisions suggested by experts in the respective field. In this kind of business leadership, the manager does not only involve team members, but can also take guidance from his peers. One of the most suitable participative leadership examples can be when a manager divides project work in his team members including himself, discusses the project requirements and expectations with the team leader and other members, and then they work on it collectively. Participative leadership surely increases employee satisfaction, reduces the workload of managers, and creates better teamwork; with all this eventually contributing to good wor Question 3. Greenberg named his son Evan as the heir apparent. Yet, Greenberg never set a departure date. Should a good leader set a date for departure once a successor is named? Why? Why not? Answer Most of the time succession in organizations creates a host of problems. On the one hand, incumbent CEOs are less than willing to give up the power and prestige that accompany their position. On the other hand, the successor (heir apparent) may be eager to assume the top position. If the successor has to wait too long for the top leadership position, he may decide to seek out a top level position in another company, and the company may lose a unique opportunity for a smooth leadership transition. CEOs should set a deadline for their departure so that all stakeholders are informed which can facilitate a change in leadership. LEADERSHIP AT AIG: Does Style Matter Question 1: AIG Chairman and CEO Maurice â€Å"Hank† Greenberg was consider an autocraticleader and micromanager by many employee, yet the company grew dramaticallyduring his reign as CEO. Does leadership style matter as long as the company  performs well and shareholders are satisfied with their return on investment? Leader is a person who led people towards to the common goal. In the process of managing anorganization, I believe leadership style is the one of important factor in deciding the performanceof the company. Leader’s style of leadership changes according to the situation of the company. Based on managerial grid concept by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton, there are five style of  leadership that combine different degrees of concern for production and concern for people andthis five styles of leadership is shown in figure 1 below. In the case study, CEO Maurice â€Å"Hank†was more concern of production compare to the concern for people and of course, this kind of  leadership will produce good performance. That is why Maurice â€Å"Hank† able to bring thecompany from midlevel insurance company becomes the international company and give thesatisfaction towards the shareholders. However, to sustain the company at the same level,Maurice â€Å"Hank† kinds of leadership will causes the performance of the company to be declined  because lack of concern for people will affect the workers performance and this result would notsatisfy the shareholders. The workers in AIG will become less motivated due the pressure given  by the management practice by Maurice â€Å"Hank†. This style of leadership by Maurice â€Å"Hank† fallunder style of leadership â€Å"produce or perish† as shown in figure 1. As conclusion, the style of  leadership is the key player in determine the successful of a company. Question 2: AIG’s new CEO Sullivan has been labeled a micromanager, but with a more  pleasant personality. Can he as a micromanager, develop more participativeleadership style? How? Participative leadership style is defined as  leader  who involves his subordinatesin the process of   making decision such as setting goal, solving  problemand others, but retains the final  decision making  authority. By referring the case study, CEO Sullivan can develop more participative style leadership by segregating the works to his subordinates in order to enabling his subordinate to  play their role in the organizations and indirectly developing the trust between himself with his subordinate. This action will enable the workers especially his subordinate to create a feeling of  self-belonging towards the company. Once the trust is there, he should implement groupdiscussion or brainstorming before making any decision but while conducting the groupdiscussion, he should be the person who get all the buy-in from the group members. In the groupdiscussion, he should use his authority in deciding the decision and this kind of ways in making decision helps his subordinate to accept and thus implement the action with full enthusiasm. Besides that, he should often communicate with his workers through out the three layer of  management such as having chitchat with the workers during teatime in order to understand the needs of workers in the company and thus raise his level of concern towards people. As he developing his understanding towards his workers, he can easily delegate the works that suit the workers best and as the result, company performance increases and building the security towards the investor and the people in the company especially shareholders. Question 3: Greenberg named his son Evan as the heir apparent. Yet Greenberg never set adeparture date. Should a good leader set a date for departure? When should hename a successor? Every thing that starts must have an end. Leaders also have his own starts and ends in hisera of leadership. For my point of view, a good leader should set a date for his departure. This is  because a leader knows better his own limitation and capabilities. A leader should alsounderstand his abilities and weakness in managing the organization as the time passes by. I  believe that every leader would like to leave his position without tarnishing his reputation andintegrity. However, it is not wise action to take if he announced his name of successor long  before his departure date for the position. This is because the successor required a time for him toadapt with the changes in role and the leader himself required time to hand over and coaching hisnew successor to take over his positions but how long is the duration for the this process, it alldepends on the successor himself. Normally, a leader had already started to look for hissuccessor long before he announced his departure date. This is because to identify a good leader  does not happen in a single day. It will consume so much time and effort for leader to be bornand as been mention by Richard Arvey, a human resources and industrial relations professor inthe Carlson School of Management, â€Å"While environmental influences determine many of our  leadership behaviors and the roles we obtain, our genes still exert a sizable influence over  whether we will become leaders. That is why, I do believe that leadership is both inherited andacquired. As conclusion, a good leader always think three steps ahead, that’s why it is importantfor a good leader to prepare for his succession plan American International Group From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search â€Å"AIG† redirects here. For other uses, see AIG (disambiguation). |American International Group, Inc. |[pic ] | |Type |Public | |Traded as |NYSE:  AIG | | |SP 500 Component | |Industry |Insurance, Financial services | |Founded |Shanghai, China (1919)[1] | |Founder(s) |Cornelius Vander Starr | |Headquarters |American International Building, New York City, | | |New York, United States | |Area served |Worldwide | |Key people |Bob Benmosche | | |(President CEO) | | |Robert Miller (Chairman)[2] | |Products |Insurance annuities, mutual funds | |Revenue |[pic]US$ 77. 301 billion (2010)[3] | |Operating income |[pic]US$ 17. 936 billion (2010)[3] | |Net income |[pic]US$ 7. 786 billion (2010)[3] | |Total assets |[pic]US$ 683. 443 billion (2010)[3] | |Total equity |[pic]US$ 113. 239 billion (2010)[3] | |Employees |96,000 (2010)[3] | |Website |AIG. com | American International Group, Inc. NYSE:  AIG) or AIG is an American multinational insurance corporation. Its corporate headquarters is located in the American International Building in New York City. The British headquarters office is on Fenchu rch Street in London, continental Europe operations are based in La Defense, Paris, and its Asian headquarters office is in Hong Kong. According to the 2011 Forbes Global 2000 list, AIG was the 29th-largest public company in the world. [4][5] It was listed on the Dow Jones Industrial Average from April 8, 2004 to September 22, 2008. AIG suffered from a liquidity crisis when its credit ratings were downgraded below â€Å"AA† levels in September 2008. The United States Federal Reserve Bank on September 16, 2008 created an $85  billion credit facility to enable the company to meet increased collateral obligations consequent to the credit rating downgrade, in exchange for the issuance of a stock warrant to the Federal Reserve Bank for 79. 9% of the equity of AIG. The Federal Reserve Bank and the United States Treasury by May 2009 had increased the potential financial support to AIG, with the support of an investment of as much as $70  billion, a $60  billion credit line and $52. 5  billion to buy mortgage-based assets owned or guaranteed by AIG, increasing the total amount available to as much as $182. 5  billion. [6][7] AIG subsequently sold a number of its subsidiaries and other assets to pay down loans received, and continues to seek buyers of its assets. Contents | |  [hide]   | |1 History | |2 Business | |2. 1 Holdings | |2. 2 Auto insurance | |2. 3 Travel Insurance | |3 Financial crisis | |3. 1 Chronology o f September 2008 liquidity crisis | |3. 2 Federal Reserve bailout | |3. Additional bailouts of 2008 | |3. 4 Counterparty controversy | |3. 5 Post-bailout expenditures | |3. 6 Settlement of credit default swaps | |3. 7 Sales of assets | |3. 8 Record losses | |3. 2009 employee bonus payments | |3. 10 Manchester United Sponsorship | |3. 11 Share buyback | |4 Litigation | |4. 1 Accounting fraud claims | |5 Corporate governance | |5. Board of directors | |6 See also | |7 Notes | |8 References and further reading | |9 External links | [edit] History [pic] [pic] The American International Building in Lower Manhattan. AIG history dates back to 1919, when Cornelius Vander Starr established an insurance agency in Shanghai, China. Starr was the first Westerner in Shanghai to sell insurance to the Chinese, which he continued to do until AIG left China in early 1949—as Mao Zedong led the advance of the Communist People’s Liberation Army on Shanghai. [8][9] Starr then moved the company headquarters to its current home in New York City. [10] The company went on to expand, often through subsidiaries, into other markets, including other parts of Asia, Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East. [11] In 1962, Starr gave management of the company’s lagging U. S. holdings to Maurice R. â€Å"Hank† Greenberg, who shifted its focus from personal insurance to high-margin corporate coverage. Greenberg focused on selling insurance through independent brokers rather than agents to eliminate agent salaries. Using brokers, AIG could price insurance according to its potential return even if it suffered decreased sales of certain products for great lengths of time with very little extra expense. In 1968, Starr named Greenberg his successor. The company went public in 1969. [12] Beginning in 2005, AIG became embroiled in a series of fraud investigations conducted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, U. S. Justice Department, and New York State Attorney General’s Office. Greenberg was ousted amid an accounting scandal in February 2005; he is still fighting civil charges being pursued by New York state. [13][14][15] The New York Attorney General’s investigation led to a $1.   billion fine for AIG and criminal charges for some of its executives. [16] Greenberg was succeeded as CEO by Martin J. Sullivan, who had begun his career at AIG as a clerk in its London office in 1970. [17] On June 15, 2008, after disclosure of financial losses and subsequent to a falling stock pric e, Sullivan resigned and was replaced by Robert B. Willumstad, Chairman of the AIG Board of Directors since 2006. Willumstad was forced by the US government to step down and was replaced by Edward M. Liddy on September 17, 2008. [18] AIG’s board of directors named Robert Benmosche CEO on August 3, 2009 to replace Mr. Liddy, who earlier in the year announced his retirement. [19] [edit] Business [edit] Holdings Further information: Holdings of American International Group In the United States, AIG is the largest underwriter of commercial and industrial insurance, and AIG acquired American General Life Insurance in August 2001. [20] [edit] Auto insurance AIG sold auto insurance policies through its subsidiary unit, AIG Direct (aka aigdirect. com). The policies they offered included insurance for private automobiles, motorcycles, recreational vehicles and commercial vehicles. AIG purchased the remaining 39% that it did not own of online auto insurance specialist 21st Century Insurance in 2007 for $749  million. [21] With the failure of the parent company and the continuing recession in late 2008, AIG rebranded its insurance unit to 21st Century Insurance. 22][23] In April 2009 it was announced that AIG was selling the 21st Century Insurance subsidiary to Farmers Insurance Group for $1. 9  billion. [24] [edit] Travel Insurance Main article: AIG Travel Guard AIG sells travelers insurance in ternationally through Travel Guard, headquartered in Stevens Point, Wisconsin. [edit] Financial crisis Further information: Subprime mortgage crisis,  Financial crisis of 2007–2010,  and  Liquidity crisis of September 2008 [edit] Chronology of September 2008 liquidity crisis On September 16, 2008, AIG suffered a liquidity crisis following the downgrade of its credit rating. Industry practice permits firms with the highest credit ratings to enter swaps without depositing collateral with their trading counter-parties. When its credit rating was downgraded, the company was required to post additional collateral with its trading counter-parties, and this led to an AIG liquidity crisis. AIG’s London unit sold credit protection in the form of credit default swaps (CDSs) on collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) that had by that time declined in value. [25] The United States Federal Reserve Bank announced the creation of a secured credit facility of up to US$85  billion, to prevent the company’s collapse by enabling AIG to meet its obligations to deliver additional collateral to its credit default swap trading partners. The credit facility provided a structure to loan as much as US$85  billion, secured by the stock n AIG-owned subsidiaries, in exchange for warrants for a 79. 9% equity stake, and the right to suspend dividends to previously issued common and preferred stock. [17][26][27] AIG announced the same day that its board accepted the terms of the Federal Reserve Bank’s r escue package and secured credit facility. [28] This was the largest government bailout of a private company in U. S. history, though smaller than the bailout of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac a week earlier. [29][30] AIG’s share prices had fallen over 95% to just $1. 25 by September 16, 2008, from a 52-week high of $70. 13. [citation needed] The company reported over $13. 2  billion in losses in the first six months of the year. 31][32] The AIG Financial Products division headed by Joseph Cassano, in London, had entered into credit default swaps to insure $441  billion worth of securities originally rated AAA. Of those securities, $57. 8  billion were structured debt securities backed by subprime loans. [33] CNN named Cassano as one of the â€Å"Ten Most Wanted: Culprits† of the 2008 financial collapse in the United States. [34] As Lehman Brothers (the largest bankruptcy in U. S. history at that time) suffered a catastrophic decline in share price, investors began c omparing the types of securities held by AIG and Lehman, and found that AIG had valued its Alt-A and sub-prime mortgage-backed securities at 1. 7 to 2 times the values used by Lehman which weakened investors’ confidence in AIG. 31] On September 14, 2008, AIG announced it was considering selling its aircraft leasing division, International Lease Finance Corporation, to raise cash. [31] The Federal Reserve hired Morgan Stanley to determine if there are systemic risks to a financial failure of AIG, and asked private entities to supply short-term bridge loans to the company. In the meantime, New York regulators allowed AIG to borrow $20  billion from its subsidiaries. [35][36] At the stock market’s opening on September 16, 2008, AIG’s stock dropped 60 percent. [37] The Federal Reserve continued to meet that day with major Wall Street investment firms, hoping to broker a deal for a non-governmental $75  billion line of credit to the company. 38] Rating agencies M oody’s and Standard and Poor downgraded AIG’s credit ratings on concerns over likely continuing losses on mortgage-backed securities. The credit rating downgrade forced the company to deliver collateral of over $10  billion to certain creditors and CDS counter-parties. [39] The New York Times later reported that talks on Wall Street had broken down and AIG may file for bankruptcy protection on Wednesday, September 17. [40] Just before the bailout by the US Federal Reserve, AIG former CEO Maurice (Hank) Greenberg sent an impassioned letter to AIG CEO Robert B. Willumstad offering his assistance in any way possible, ccing the Board of Directors. His offer was rebuffed. [41] [edit] Federal Reserve bailout On the evening of September 16, 2008, the Federal Reserve Bank’s Board of Governors announced that the Federal Reserve Bank of New York had been authorized to create a 24-month credit-liquidity facility from which AIG could draw up to $85  billion. The loan was collateralized by the assets of AIG, including its non-regulated subsidiaries and the stock of â€Å"substantially all† of its regulated subsidiaries, and with an interest rate of 850 basis points over the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) (i. e. , LIBOR plus 8. 5%). In exchange for the credit facility, the U. S. government received warrants for a 79. 9 percent equity stake in AIG, with the right to suspend the payment of dividends to AIG common and preferred shareholders. [17][27] The credit facility was created under the auspices of Section 13(3) of the Federal Reserve Act. 27][42][43] AIG’s board of directors announced approval of the loan transaction in a press release the same day. T he announcement did not comment on the issuance of a warrant for 79. 9% of AIG’s equity, but the AIG 8-K filing of September 18, 2008, reporting the transaction to the Securities and Exchange Commission stated that a warrant for 79. 9% of AIG shares had been issued to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve. [17][28][44] AIG drew down US$ 28  billion of the credit-liquidity facility on September 17, 2008. [45] On September 22, 2008, AIG was removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average. [46] An additional $37. 8  billion credit facility was established in October. As of October 24, AIG had drawn a total of $90. 3  billion from the emergency loan, of a total $122. 8  billion. [47] Maurice Greenberg, former CEO of AIG, on September 17, 2008, characterized the bailout as a nationalization of AIG. He also stated that he was bewildered by the situation and was at a loss over how the entire situation got out of control as it did. [48] On September 17, 2008, Federal Reserve Board chair Ben Bernanke asked Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson join him, to call on members of Congress, to describe the need for a congressionally authorized bailout of the nation’s banking system. Weeks later, Congress approved the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. Bernanke said to Paulson on September 17, â€Å"We can’t keep doing this. Both because we at the Fed don’t have the necessary resources and for reasons of democratic legitimacy, it’s important that the Congress come in and take control of the situation. â€Å"[49] [edit] Additional bailouts of 2008 From mid September till early November, AIG’s credit-default spreads were steadily rising, implying the company was heading for default. [50][51] On November 10, 2008, the U. S. Treasury announced it would purchase $40  billion in newly issued AIG senior preferred stock, under the authority of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act’s Troubled Asset Relief Program. 52][53][54] The FRBNY announced that it would modify the September 16 secured credit facility; the Treasury investment would permit a reduction in its size from $85  billion to $60  billion, and that the FRBNY would extend the life of the facility from three to five years, and change t he interest rate from 8. 5% plus the three-month London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) for the total credit facility, to 3% plus LIBOR for funds drawn down, and 0. 75% plus LIBOR for funds not drawn, and that AIG would create two off- balance-sheet Limited Liability Companies (LLC) to hold AIG assets: one to act as an AIG Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Facility and the second to act as an AIG Collateralized Debt Obligations Facility. [52][54]Federal officials said the $40  billion investment would ultimately permit the government to reduce the total exposure to AIG to $112  billion from $152  billion. 52] On December 15, 2008, the Thomas More Law Center filed suit to challenge the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, alleging that it unconstitutionally promotes Islamic law (Sharia) and religion. The lawsuit was filed because AIG provides Takaful Insurance Plans, which, according to the company, avoid investments and transactions that are†un-Islamic†. [55][56] As of January 2012, TARP had about $50 billion invested in AIG according to one report. Break even for the government was figured at $28. 73 a share v. then-current share price of about $25. [57] [edit] Counterparty controversy AIG was required to post additional collateral with many creditors and ounter-parties, touching off controversy when over $100  billion was paid out to major global financial institutions that had previously received TARP money. While this money was legally owed to the banks by AIG (under agreements made via credit default swaps purchased from AIG by the institutions), a number of Congressmen and media members expressed outrage that taxpayer money was going to these banks through AIG. [58] In January, 2010, a document known as â€Å"Schedule A – List of Derivative Transactions† was released to the public, against the wishes of the New York Fed. It listed many of the insurance deals that AIG had with various other parties, such as G oldman Sachs, Societe Generale, Deutsche Bank, and Merrill Lynch. 59][60] Had AIG been allowed to fail in a controlled manner through bankruptcy, bondholders and derivative counterparties (major banks) would have suffered significant losses, limiting the amount of taxpayer funds directly used. Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke argued: â€Å"If a federal agency had [appropriate authority] on September 16, [2008], they could have been used to put AIG into conservatorship or receivership, unwind it slowly, protect policyholders, and impose haircuts on creditors and counterparties as appropriate. That outcome would have been far preferable to the situation we find ourselves in now. â€Å"[61] [edit] Post-bailout expenditures The week following the September bailout, AIG employees and distributors participated in a California retreat which cost $444,000 and featured spa treatments, banquets, and golf outings. 62][63] It was reported that the trip was a reward for top-performing life-insurance agents planned before the bailout. [64] Less than 24 hours after the news of the party was first reported by the media, it was reported that the Federal Reserve had agreed to give AIG an additional loan of up to $37. 8  billion. [65] AP reported on October 17 that AIG executives spent $86,000 on a previously scheduled English hunting trip. News of the lavish spending came just days after AIG received an additional $37. 8  billion loan from the Federal Reserve, on top of a previous $85  billion emergency loan granted the month before. Regarding the hunting trip, the company responded, â€Å"We regret that this event was not canceled. [66] An October 30, 2008 article from CNBC reported that AIG had already drawn upon $90  billion of the $123  billion allocated for loans. [67] On November 10, 2008, just a few days before renegotiating another bailout with the US Government for $40  billion, ABC News reported that AIG spent $343,000 on a trip to a lavish resort in Phoenix, Arizona. [68] [edit] Settlement of credit default swaps On October 22, 2008, those creditors of Lehman Brothers who bought credit default swaps to hedge them against Lehman bankruptcy settled those accounts. The net payments were $5. 2  billion[69] even though initial estimates of the amount of the settlement were between $100  billion and $400  billion. 70] By December 2008, AIG had paid at least $18. 7  billion to various financial institutions, including Goldman Sachs and Societe Generale to retire obligations related to credit default swaps (CDS). As much as $53. 5  billion related to swap payouts are part of the bailout. [71] On March 15, 2009, under mounting pressure from Congress and after consultation with the Federal Reserve, AIG disclosed a list of major recipients of collateral postings and payments under credit default swaps, guaranteed investment agreements, and securities lending agreements. [72] Below is data from one of the charts AIG released, representing only a portion of the total payouts, over a period of a few months. AIG collateral postings to credit default swap counterparties, from the period September 16, 2008 to | |December 31, 2008[73] | |Counterparty |US $ posted |Counterparty |US $ posted | |Societe Generale |$4,100,000,000 |Deutsche Bank |$2,600,000,000 | |Goldman Sachs |$2,500,000,000 |Merrill Lynch |$1,800,000,000 | |Calyon |$1,100,000,000 |Barclays |$900,000,000 | |UBS |$800,000,000 |DZ Bank |$700,000,000 | |Wachovia |$700,000,000 |Rabobank |$500,000,000 | |KFW |$500,000,000 |JPMorgan |$400,000,000 | |Banco Santander |$300,000,000 |Danske Bank |$200,000,000 | |Reconstruction Finance |$200,000,000 |HSBC Bank |$200,000,000 | |Corporation[74] | | | |Morgan Stanley |$200,000,000 |Bank of America |$200,000,000 | |Bank of Montreal |$200,000,000 |Royal Bank of Scotland |$200,000,000 | |Other (unknown) |$4,100,000,000 | | | [edit] Sales of assets AIG since September 2008 has marketed its assets to pay off its government loa ns. A global decline in the valuation of insurance businesses, and the weakening financial condition of potential bidders, has challenged its efforts. If the U. S. government decides to continue to protect the company from falling into bankruptcy, it may have to take the assets itself in exchange for the loans, or offer further direct financial support. 75] As of September 6, 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that Pacific Century Group had agreed to pay $500  million for a part of American International Group’s asset management business, and that they also expected to pay an additional $200  million to AIG in carried interest and other payments linked to future performance of the business. [76] Also in 2009, AIG sold its operations in Colombia to Ecuador’s Banco del Pichincha. On March 1, 2010, insurance company Prudential confirmed that it was in advanced negotiations to buy the Asian operations of AIG. [77] Prudential was to buy the pan-Asian life insurance company, American International Assurance (AIA), for approximately $35. 5  billion. 78] On June 1, 2010 the deal failed because AIG would not accept the $30. 5  billion after Prudential lowered the amount by $5  billion from the originally planned $35. 5  billion after Prudential shareholder discontent. [79] AIG agreed on March 8, 2010, to sell its American Life Insurance Co. unit (ALICO) to MetLife Inc. for $15. 5  billion in cash and stock by November 1, 2010. Alico has annuities, life and health insurance operations in Japan, Middle East (including Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan), Western and Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean. AIG said it will sell Alico for $6. 8  billion in cash and the remainder in MetLife equity. The deal leaves AIG as the second-largest shareholder of MetLife, with a stake of more than 20% in the company. On March 29, 2010, Bloomberg L. P. reported that after almost three months of delays, AIG had completed the $500  million sale of a portion of its asset management business, branded PineBridge Investments, to the Asia-based Pacific Century Group. [80] On September 30, 2010, AIG announced an agreement to sell two of its life insurance companies in Japan, AIG Star and AIG Edison, to Prudential Financial for $4. 2  billion in cash and $600  million in the assumption of third party debt to help repay some of the money owed to the U. S. government. 81] On November 1, 2010, AIG announced it had raised $36. 71  billion from the sale of ALICO and an initial public offering for AIA. The company will use the proceeds Federal Reserve Bank of New York credit facility and make payments on other interests owned by the government. [82] On September 2, 2011, AIG filed with the SEC to spin off their aircraft leasing firm, International Lease Finance Corporation (ILFC), in an initial public offering. [83] [edit] Record losses On March 2, 2009, AIG reported a fourth quarter loss of $61. 7bn (? 43bn) and revenue of ? $23. 7bn ( 16. 2bn) for the final three months of 2008. This was the largest quarterly loss in corporate history at that time. 84] The announcement of the loss had an impact on morning trading in Europe and Asia, with the FTSE100, DAX and Nikkei all suffering sharp falls. In the US the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell to below 7000 points, a twelve-year low. [85][86] The news of the loss came the day after the U. S. Treasury Department had confirmed that AIG was to get an additional $30  billion in aid, on top of the $150  billion it has already received. [87] The Treasury Department suggested that the potential losses to the US and global economy would be ‘extremely high’ if it were to collapse[88] and has suggested that if in futu re there is no improvement, it will invest more money into the company, as it is unwilling to allow it to fail. 89] The firm’s position as not just a domestic insurer, but also one for small businesses and many listed firms, has prompted US officials to suggest its demise could be ‘disastrous’ and the Federal Reserve said that AIG posed a ‘systemic risk’ to the global economy. [84] The fourth quarter result meant the company made a $99. 29  billion loss for the whole of 2008,[88] with five consecutive quarters of losses costing the company well over $100  billion. [89] In a testimony before the Senate Budget Committee on March 3, 2009, the Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke stated that â€Å"AIG exploited a huge gap in the regulatory system,† †¦ and â€Å"to nobody’s surprise, made irresponsible bets and took huge losses†. [90] [edit] 2009 employee bonus payments Main article: AIG bonus payments controversy In March 2009, AIG announced that they were paying $165  million in executive bonuses. Total bonuses for the financial unit could reach $450  million and bonuses for the entire company could reach $1. 2  billion. [91] President Barack Obama, who voted for the AIG bailout as a Senator[92] responded to the planned payments by saying â€Å"[I]t’s hard to understand how derivative traders at AIG warranted any bonuses, much less $165  million in extra pay. How do they justify this outrage to the taxpayers who are keeping the company afloat? † and â€Å"In the last six months, AIG has received substantial sums from the U. S. Treasury. I’ve asked Secretary Geithner to use that leverage and pursue every legal avenue to block these bonuses and make the American taxpayers whole. â€Å"[93] [pic] [pic] Protester outside 60 Wall Street Deutsche Bank’s US main office in the wake of the bonus controversy is interviewed by news media. Politicians on both sides of the Congressional aisle reacted with outrage to the planned bonuses. Senator Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) said â€Å"I would suggest the first thing that would make me feel a little bit better toward them if they’d follow the Japanese example and come before the American people and take that deep bow and say, I’m sorry, and then either do one of two things: resign or go commit suicide. [94] Senator Chuck Schumer (D-New York) accused AIG of â€Å"Alice in Wonderland business practices† and said â€Å"It boggles the mind. † He has threatened to tax the bonuses at up to 100%. [95] Senator Richard Shelby (R-Alabama) said â€Å"T hese people brought this on themselves. Now you’re rewarding failure. A lot of these people should be fired, not awarded bonuses. This is horrible. It’s outrageous. â€Å"[96] Senator Mitch McConnell (R-Kentucky) echoed his comments, saying â€Å"This is an outrage. â€Å"[97] Senator Jon Tester (D-Montana) said â€Å"This is ridiculous. † and AIG executives â€Å"need to understand that the only reason they even have a job is because of the taxpayers. â€Å"[98] Senator Dick Durbin (D-Illinois) said â€Å"I’ve had it. and â€Å"The fact that they continue to do it while we pour in billions of dollars is indefensible. â€Å"[99] Representative Barney Frank (D-Massachusetts), Chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, said paying these bonuses would be â€Å"rewarding incompetence†[98] and â€Å"These people may have a right to their bonuses. They don’t have a right to their jobs forever. â€Å"[96] Representative Mark Kirk (R-Illinois) said â€Å"AIG should not be on welfare from Uncle Sam, and yet paying bonuses and transferring a considerable amount of taxpayer funds to entities overseas. â€Å"[99] Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said â€Å"It makes me angry. I slammed the phone more than a few times on discussing AIG. [96] Lawrence Summers, Director of the National Economic Council, said â€Å"The easy thing would be to just say, you know, ‘Off with their heads,’ and violate the contracts, but you have to think about the consequences of breaking contracts for the overall system of law. †[100] Austan Goolsbee, of the Council of Economic Advisers said â€Å"I don’t know why they would follow a policy that’s really not sensible, is obviously going to ignite the ire of millions of people. † and â€Å"You worry about that backlash. â€Å"[101] Political commentators and journalists expressed an equally bipartisan outrage. [94][102][103][104][104][105 ][106][107][108][109][110] On March 24, 2009, The New York Times printed the resignation letter of Jake DeSantis, executive vice president of AIG’s financial products unit, to Edward M. Liddy, the chief executive of AIG. DeSantis stated he had nothing to do with the credit default swaps, he lost much of his life savings in the form of deferred compensation invested in the capital of AIG Financial Products; he had agreed to work for an annual salary of $1 out of a sense of duty, that he was assured many times the bonuses would be paid in March 2009, and that he believed he and others were let down by Liddy’s lack of support. He also stated he was going to donate his bonus to those suffering from the global economic downturn. [111] It was reported that Senator Christopher Dodd (D-Con) (who first denied, then admitted to amending the legislation to allow the AIG bonuses), received $160,000 from employees of AIG. [112][113][114][115] A memo issued in 2006 by Joseph Cassano, AIG Financial Products chief executive, urged AIG employees to donate to Dodd, saying that as â€Å"next in line to become chairman of the Senate Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee†¦ Senator Dodd will now have the opportunity to set the committee’s agenda on issues critical to the financial services industry. â€Å"[116] [edit] Manchester United Sponsorship AIG was the principal sponsor of English football club Manchester United from 2006–2010, and as part of the sponsorship deal, its logo was prominently displayed on the front of the club’s jerseys and other merchandise. The AIG deal was announced by Manchester United chief executive David Gill on April 6, 2006, for a British shirt sponsorship record ? 56. 5  million, to be paid over four years (? 14. 1  million a year). The deal became the most valuable sponsorship deal in the world in September 2006, after the renegotiation and subsequent degrading of the ? 15  million-a-year deal Italian team Juventus had with oil firm Tamoil. During AIG’s sponsorship, Manchester United enjoyed one of its most successful periods in history, winning the Premier League three consecutive years, two Football League Cups, and the UEFA Champions League. [citation needed] On January 21, 2009, it was announced that AIG would not be renewing its sponsorship of the club at the end of the deal in May 2010. It is not clear, however, whether or not AIG’s agreement to run MU Finance will continue. American risk consulting firm Aon Corporation was named the club’s new principal sponsor on June 3, 2009, with its sponsorship of the club taking effect from the beginning of the 2010–11 season. The terms of the deal were not revealed, but it has been reported to be worth approximately ? 80  million over four years. [citation needed] [edit] Share buyback Due to the Q3 2011 net loss widened, so on November 3, 2011 the AIG shares has plunged 49 percent year to date. The insurer’s board has approved the share buyback of as much as $1 billion. [117] [edit] Litigation |[pic] |This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable | | |sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2008) | In November 2004, AIG reached a US$126  million settlement with the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Justice Department partly resolving a number of regulatory matters, but the company must still cooperate with investigators continuing to probe the sale of a non-traditional insurance product. [118] On June 11, 2008, three stockholders, collectively owning 4% of the outstanding stock of AIG, delivered a letter to the Board of Directors of AIG seeking to oust CEO Martin Sullivan and make certain other management and Board of Directors changes. This letter was the latest volley in what the Wall Street Journal deemed a â€Å"public spat† between the Company’s Board and management, on the one hand, and its key stockholders, and former CEO Maurice â€Å"Hank† Greenberg on the other hand. [119] Death Bet Circa 2010 the WSJ reported that a family sued AIG for alleged complicity in a ‘stranger-originated life insurance’ scheme, whereby AIG managers allegedly welcomed people without an insurable interest to take out life insurance policies against others. The case involved JB Carlson and Germaine Tomlinson, and was one of many similar lawsuits in the US at the time. [120] [edit] Accounting fraud claims On October 14, 2004 the New York State Office of Attorney General Eliot Spitzer announced that it had commenced a civil action against Marsh McLennan Companies for steering clients to preferred insurers with whom the company maintained lucrative payoff agreements, and for soliciting rigged bids for insurance contracts from the insurers. The Attorney General announced in a release that two AIG executives pleaded guilty to criminal charges in connection with this illegal course of conduct. In early May 2005, AIG restated its financial position and issued a reduction in book value of USD $2. 7  billion, a 3. 3 percent reduction in net worth. On February 9, 2006, AIG and the New York State Attorney General’s office agreed to a settlement in which AIG would pay a fine of $1. 6  billion. [121] [edit] Corporate governance [edit] Board of directors How to cite Aig Case Solution, Essay examples